Because of the importance of brand in consumers' decision-making, market leaders have invested heavily in their brands. In the meantime, follower companies try to imitate the brands of market leaders. Consumers, with their ethical differences, also show different reactions to this imitation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the type of copycat (imitation) on the consumers' copycat avoidance with the moderating role of consumer ethics. In order to investigate this effect, the consumers of hypermarkets were surveyed through distributing a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using the structural equation model (SEM) and the PLS software. The results show that, when a company imitates the apparent features or themes of a brand (theme copycat), it leads to copycat avoidance by consumers. Also, customer's ethics moderates the effect of appearance imitation on the copycat avoidance, but it does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between theme imitation and copycat avoidance by consumers.

Diagnosis mistakes in selecting a original brand with a counterfeit and imitation brand can affect consumer financial losses and affect consumer loyalty. However, This study aimed to investigate the role of copycat strategy on the perceived similarity with moderator consumer mindset and brand loyalty was performed. And the goal is to increase consumer awareness of original brand and imitation brand. The study population includes buyers of Clear shampoo in pharmacies and Moghaneh Doogh(yogurt drink) in Parsaabad Moghan stores. Because of the Unlimited community is used Cochran, and the sample number is 384. For data analysis used software SPSS 22 and Smart PLS. And using with Partial Least Squares, Relations of variables and model Been investigated. Results show that in hypotheses the observed correlation is significant. In the first main hypothesis, copycat strategy have positive impact on perceived similarity. In the second main hypothesis, consumer mindset moderate Relation between copycat strategy and perceived similarity. In the third main hypothesis, brand loyalty, moderate relation between copycat strategies and perceived similarity.

With purchasing decisions, consumers face varying degrees of uncertainty about the proposed product, such as uncertainty about the quality of the product, when the consumer has no knowledge of existing brand and how it works. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of uncertainty (and certainty) in choosing the copycat or different brand. The population of the study is customers of 24-7 Pharmacies in Khorram abad city of and the sample size estimation is 276, according to Cochran's formula. Ratio test issued to test study hypotheses. The findings indicate that under conditions of certainty, consumers choose the different brand. Under conditions of uncertainty, however, they prefer copycat rather than different brand.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the situational and stable hostility of Ardabil sports consumers and its effect on the intention to buy in the original brands and Nike copycats. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and the statistical population consists of all athletes of different disciplines in Ardabil. The sampling method was multi-stage and to determine the sample size, the Cochran formula of unlimited community was used and the sample size was 385 people. Moradi and Zarei (2011), and Jalilvand et al (2011) questionnaires were used to assess the purchase intention and by examining the tools of Klein et al (1998), Nijsen and Douglas (2004), Atenson and Klein (2005), Hassanzadeh and Meshbaki Esfahani (2015), questions related to hostility were prepared according to the historical memory and events of Iran. SPSS24 and Smart PLS3 software were used to answer the research questions. Results: The results showed that in athletes, both situational and stable hostility have a negative and significant effect on the intention to buy the main Nike brand. In the case of the copycat brand, the effect of stable hostility on the intention to buy was positive and significant, but the situational hostility of athletes had no effect on their intention to buy Nike Copycat. Conclusion: Situational and stable hostility of consumers towards the United States has a negatively the intention to buy the original Nike brand.

Use copycat are increasingly common in today's global market. Sometimes the similarities between copycat and original brands so consumers are likely to lead to confusion. Copycat are trying to gain acceptance in commercial and consumer acceptance of coverage imitate a brand leader. This study examined the role consumer’s mindset on copycatting strategies. The population of this study consisted of customers buy the Khorramabad is due to the infinite number of sample 276 was selected. Simple random sampling method was used for sampling. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire that was used to analyze the assumptions of the test. relational people regard the theme-based copycats as similar to the leader brands. featural people regard the attribute-based copycats as similar to the leader brands.

Leather is one of the most attractive and profitable industries and business in the world, because creates value added to its activists. However, the condition of the leather industry in Iran is different from the expected position and is still far from the desired level of production and export. The purpose of this study is to create and expand the importance of the national brand among the manufacturers of "Tabriz Leather" brand and to examine the consequences of this process and to help the brand productivity of companies. The present research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is all customers and consumers of Tabriz leather brand in the province of East Azerbaijan. The results of this research show that Brand Prestige has a positive and significant effect on Brand Attractiveness, while the effect of this variable (Brand Prestige) has not been confirmed on Customer Brand Identification. Also, the variables of Brand Distinction, Brand Social Benefits, and Brand Experiences affect the Brand Attractiveness variable and the Brand Attractiveness variable affects as well as the Customer Brand Identification variable and Brand Productivity. The results of this study indicated that Brand Distinction and Brand Experience have a significant effect on Customer Brand Identification And Customer Brand Identification has a positive and significant effect on brand productivity, but the effect of brand social benefits on customer brand recognition was not confirmed. The final results of this article show that in order to create brand productivity and other influential brand variables among consumers, should be considered in the brand management area.

Considering the fact that human resources are regarded as the most important key qualification and the source of creating competitive advantage in the hoteling industry, this sought to investigate the effect of brand leadership on the brand citizenship behavior of the staff working in the hoteling industry of Isfahan City. The study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of research method. The statistical population of the study comprised all Isfahan Hotels’ staff who were active from September to January 2020, from among whom 145 people were selected via a structural equation and convenience sampling. The required data were collected through the questionnaire, whose reliability and content validity was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Finally, the collected data were analyzed through the PLS software, considering non-normal distribution. The findings of the study suggested that brand leadership exerted a significant positive effect on brand passion, thereby making brand-supportive behaviors (adaptive, conscientious-oriented, and innovative behaviors) possible. Moreover, it was found that adaptive and innovative behaviors had a significant positive influence on brand citizenship behavior. However, the significant effect of brand innovative behaviors on brand citizenship behavior was not confirmed

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sport brand identification on successful extension of sport brands. In this regard, the role of such variables as brand love, brand commitment and brand loyalty towards sport brands is studied. Methodologically, this study falls into descriptive/survey category. Statistical population included all fans of Iranian football brands in Shiraz city, of which a sample of 384 individuals was selected using Cochran method. The results showed that brand identification could influence sport brand love, commitment, and loyalty. At the same time, it was determined that, of three variables of brand love, commitment and loyalty, only brand loyalty was able to influence the successful extension of sport brands. Another finding revealed that sport brand loyalty mediated two relationships: 1. between sport brand commitment and successful extension of the brand, and 2. between sport brand love and successful extension of the brand.

Brand attachment plays a vital role in the success and failure of the company. Brands have to deal with the reactions caused by the negative emotions of consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the negative emotions of brand anxiety, brand hatred, and brand obsession, considering the role of attachment to the brand as an effective emotion in the relationship between brand hatred and brand anxiety. This research is practical, descriptive-correlational, and survey in terms of purpose, method, and data collection. The statistical population comprises 384 consumers of SAIPA automotive products, who were asked through standard electronic questionnaires of brand anxiety designed by Mend and Bolton (2011), brand hatred by Johnson et al. (2011), brand confusion by Johnson et al. (2012), and brand affection by Thomson et al. (2005). Structural equation modeling processed by Smart-PLS software was used to test the collected data. The he findings show a significant effect of brand anxiety on brand hatred and brand hatred on brand obsession. It was also shown that brand hatred has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between brand anxiety and brand obsession. In addition, brand affection as a moderator cannot have a significant effect on the relationship between brand hatred and brand obsession. In this research, the intensity of negative feelings towards the SAIPA automobile brand and the possibility of destructive actions against it were highlighted.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of brand trust and brand identity on brand evang elism among consumers of the mobile phone between student of semnan university. The study investigates the influence of two consumer-brand relational constructs, brand trust and brand identification, on brand evangelism. Brand evangelism, conceptualized as an amalgam of adoption and advocacy behaviors is operationalized in terms of three supportive behaviors: purchase intentions, positive referrals, and oppositional brand referrals among students of Semnan University of Nokia mobile phone. Therefore, 392 persons were selected using random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, whose reliability and validity is assessed by Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. This conceptual model were examined using structu ral part called path analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that brand trust and brand identity have significant positive effect on brand evangelism, and the brand identity has a direct and positive effect on brand evangelism.